--- title: "DevOps Engineer Roadmap" lang: "en" author: "Mohammad Abu Mattar" canonical: https://mkabumattar.com/post/devops-engineer-roadmap --- [Home](/)›[Roadmaps](/roadmaps)›[All Categories](/roadmaps/categories)›[Devops](/roadmaps/categories/devops) Roadmaps [Next in DevopsRelease Engineer Beginner to Expert](/roadmaps/post/release-engineer-roadmap) # DevOps Engineer Beginner to Expert A roadmap for learning DevOps engineering, from Linux fundamentals to advanced cloud-native and platform engineering concepts. Published: 12 Apr 2026 32 Stages All Levels [Devops](/roadmaps/categories/devops)[Cloud](/roadmaps/categories/cloud)[#devops](/roadmaps/tags/devops)[#linux](/roadmaps/tags/linux)[#docker](/roadmaps/tags/docker)[#kubernetes](/roadmaps/tags/kubernetes)[#terraform](/roadmaps/tags/terraform)[#ci-cd](/roadmaps/tags/ci-cd)[#aws](/roadmaps/tags/aws) [Markdown for AI(opens in a new tab)](/post/devops-engineer-roadmap/index.md "Open the plain-Markdown version of this page, for pasting into an AI tool") [Facebook](https://facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fmkabumattar.com%2Froadmaps%2Fpost%2Fdevops-engineer-roadmap "Share on Facebook")[Twitter](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?text=DevOps%20Engineer%20Beginner%20to%20Expert&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmkabumattar.com%2Froadmaps%2Fpost%2Fdevops-engineer-roadmap "Share on Twitter")[LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmkabumattar.com%2Froadmaps%2Fpost%2Fdevops-engineer-roadmap&title=DevOps%20Engineer%20Beginner%20to%20Expert&summary=A%20roadmap%20for%20learning%20DevOps%20engineering%2C%20from%20Linux%20fundamentals%20to%20advanced%20cloud-native%20and%20platform%20engineering%20concepts.&source=https://mkabumattar.com "Share on LinkedIn")[WhatsApp](https://wa.me/?text=DevOps%20Engineer%20Beginner%20to%20Expert%20https%3A%2F%2Fmkabumattar.com%2Froadmaps%2Fpost%2Fdevops-engineer-roadmap "Share on WhatsApp")[Telegram](https://t.me/share/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmkabumattar.com%2Froadmaps%2Fpost%2Fdevops-engineer-roadmap&text=DevOps%20Engineer%20Beginner%20to%20Expert "Share on Telegram")[Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmkabumattar.com%2Froadmaps%2Fpost%2Fdevops-engineer-roadmap&title=DevOps%20Engineer%20Beginner%20to%20Expert "Share on Reddit")[Hacker News](http://news.ycombinator.com/submitlink?u=https%3A%2F%2Fmkabumattar.com%2Froadmaps%2Fpost%2Fdevops-engineer-roadmap&t=DevOps%20Engineer%20Beginner%20to%20Expert "Share on Hacker News")[Pinterest](https://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmkabumattar.com%2Froadmaps%2Fpost%2Fdevops-engineer-roadmap&media=&description=A%20roadmap%20for%20learning%20DevOps%20engineering%2C%20from%20Linux%20fundamentals%20to%20advanced%20cloud-native%20and%20platform%20engineering%20concepts. "Share on Pinterest")[Email]() Series [Career Roadmaps](/series/career-roadmaps)2/8 [PreviousJavaScript Beginner to Expert](/roadmaps/post/javascript-developer-roadmap)[NextSolutions Architect Beginner to Expert](/roadmaps/post/solutions-architect-roadmap) All posts in this series (8) Roadmaps8 1. [JavaScript Beginner to Expert](/roadmaps/post/javascript-developer-roadmap) 2. [DevOps Engineer Beginner to ExpertYou are here](/roadmaps/post/devops-engineer-roadmap) 3. [Solutions Architect Beginner to Expert](/roadmaps/post/solutions-architect-roadmap) 4. [Site Reliability Engineer Beginner to Expert](/roadmaps/post/site-reliability-engineer-roadmap) 5. [Release Engineer Beginner to Expert](/roadmaps/post/release-engineer-roadmap) 6. [Frontend Developer Beginner to Expert](/roadmaps/post/frontend-developer-roadmap) 7. [Backend Developer Beginner to Expert](/roadmaps/post/backend-developer-roadmap) 8. [Full-Stack Developer Beginner to Expert](/roadmaps/post/full-stack-developer-roadmap) This roadmap guides you from Linux fundamentals through to advanced platform engineering and MLOps. Each stage builds on the last, so work through them in sequence to build a well-rounded DevOps skill set. Mark topics as you complete them and revisit earlier stages to reinforce your foundations as you progress. ### DevOps Engineer Beginner to Expert Contents [Linux Fundamentals](#stage-1)[Shell Scripting](#stage-2)[Networking Basics](#stage-3)[Version Control with Git](#stage-4)[Containerization with Docker](#stage-5)[Container Registries](#stage-6)[CI/CD Fundamentals](#stage-7)[GitHub Actions](#stage-8)[GitLab CI/CD](#stage-9)[Cloud Computing Fundamentals](#stage-10)[AWS Core Services](#stage-11)[Infrastructure as Code Terraform](#stage-12)[Configuration Management](#stage-13)[Kubernetes Core Concepts](#stage-14)[Kubernetes Workloads & Storage](#stage-15)[Kubernetes Advanced Operations](#stage-16)[Helm Kubernetes Package Manager](#stage-17)[GitOps](#stage-18)[Observability Logging](#stage-19)[Observability Metrics](#stage-20)[Observability Tracing](#stage-21)[Security DevSecOps](#stage-22)[Security Cloud & Kubernetes Hardening](#stage-23)[Service Mesh](#stage-24)[Infrastructure Testing](#stage-25)[Cost Optimization](#stage-26)[Disaster Recovery & Backup](#stage-27)[Site Reliability Engineering (SRE)](#stage-28)[Platform Engineering](#stage-29)[Advanced Kubernetes Patterns](#stage-30)[Multi-Cloud & Hybrid Cloud](#stage-31)[AI & MLOps Foundations](#stage-32) LegendRequiredRecommendedOptional 0 / 112 complete [1Linux Fundamentals](#stage-1)[2Shell Scripting](#stage-2)[3Networking Basics](#stage-3)[4Version Control with Git](#stage-4)[5Containerization with Docker](#stage-5)[6Container Registries](#stage-6)[7CI/CD Fundamentals](#stage-7)[8GitHub Actions](#stage-8)[9GitLab CI/CD](#stage-9)[10Cloud Computing Fundamentals](#stage-10)[11AWS Core Services](#stage-11)[12Infrastructure as Code Terraform](#stage-12)[13Configuration Management](#stage-13)[14Kubernetes Core Concepts](#stage-14)[15Kubernetes Workloads & Storage](#stage-15)[16Kubernetes Advanced Operations](#stage-16)[17Helm Kubernetes Package Manager](#stage-17)[18GitOps](#stage-18)[19Observability Logging](#stage-19)[20Observability Metrics](#stage-20)[21Observability Tracing](#stage-21)[22Security DevSecOps](#stage-22)[23Security Cloud & Kubernetes Hardening](#stage-23)[24Service Mesh](#stage-24)[25Infrastructure Testing](#stage-25)[26Cost Optimization](#stage-26)[27Disaster Recovery & Backup](#stage-27)[28Site Reliability Engineering (SRE)](#stage-28)[29Platform Engineering](#stage-29)[30Advanced Kubernetes Patterns](#stage-30)[31Multi-Cloud & Hybrid Cloud](#stage-31)[32AI & MLOps Foundations](#stage-32) 01 1 ## Linux Fundamentals 3 topics·3 required Learn the Linux command line and the system basics that underpin every DevOps workflow. ### File System & Navigation Required Understand the Linux directory tree, navigate with cd/ls/pwd, and manage files with cp/mv/rm. - [Linux File System Hierarchy](https://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/) ### Users, Groups & Permissions Required Manage users with useradd/usermod, set file permissions with chmod/chown, and understand sudo. ### Package Management Required Install and update software with apt, yum/dnf, and snap. Understand package repositories. 02 2 ## Shell Scripting 3 topics·2 required·1 recommended Automate repetitive tasks and glue tools together with Bash scripting. ### Bash Basics Required Variables, conditionals (if/else), loops (for/while), and functions in Bash. - [Bash Scripting Guide](https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Bash-Prog-Intro-HOWTO.html) ### Text Processing Required Use grep, awk, sed, cut, and sort to process and transform text streams. ### Cron Jobs & Scheduling Recommended Schedule recurring tasks using crontab and understand cron syntax. 03 3 ## Networking Basics 4 topics·2 required·2 recommended Understand the network concepts that underpin modern infrastructure and cloud environments. ### TCP/IP & DNS Required How IP addressing, subnets, DNS resolution, and routing work. - [Cloudflare: What is DNS?](https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/dns/what-is-dns/) ### HTTP/HTTPS & TLS Required Request/response lifecycle, status codes, headers, and TLS certificate fundamentals. ### Firewalls & Ports Recommended Configure iptables/ufw, understand inbound/outbound rules, and common service ports. ### Load Balancing Concepts Recommended Round-robin, least-connections, and health checks at the network layer. 04 4 ## Version Control with Git 4 topics·2 required·2 recommended Track code changes, collaborate with teams, and manage releases using Git. ### Core Git Workflow Required init, clone, add, commit, push, pull, and status commands. - [Pro Git Book](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2) ### Branching & Merging Required Feature branches, merge vs rebase, resolving merge conflicts. ### Git Workflows Recommended Gitflow, trunk-based development, and pull request best practices. ### Tags & Releases Recommended Semantic versioning with git tags and using GitHub/GitLab releases. 05 5 ## Containerization with Docker 4 topics·3 required·1 recommended Package applications and their dependencies into portable, reproducible containers. ### Docker Architecture Required Images, containers, the Docker daemon, and the Docker Hub registry. - [Docker Official Docs](https://docs.docker.com/get-started/) ### Writing Dockerfiles Required FROM, RUN, COPY, ENV, EXPOSE, CMD, and ENTRYPOINT instructions. ### Docker Compose Required Define and run multi-container applications with docker-compose.yml. ### Image Optimization Recommended Multi-stage builds, layer caching, .dockerignore, and minimizing image size. 06 6 ## Container Registries 3 topics·1 required·2 recommended Store, version, and distribute container images securely. ### Docker Hub Required Push and pull public/private images from Docker Hub. - [Docker Hub Documentation](https://docs.docker.com/docker-hub/) ### Private Registries Recommended Use AWS ECR, GitHub Container Registry, or self-hosted Harbor. ### Image Scanning Recommended Scan for vulnerabilities using Trivy or Docker Scout before deploying. 07 7 ## CI/CD Fundamentals 3 topics·2 required·1 recommended Understand the principles of Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery. ### CI/CD Concepts Required The pipeline stages: build, test, lint, package, deploy, and release. - [Atlassian: CI vs CD](https://www.atlassian.com/continuous-delivery/principles/continuous-integration-vs-delivery-vs-deployment) ### Pipeline as Code Required Define pipelines in YAML (GitHub Actions, GitLab CI) rather than through a UI. ### Artifacts & Caching Recommended Cache dependencies and pass build artifacts between pipeline stages. 08 8 ## GitHub Actions 3 topics·2 required·1 recommended Build automated workflows directly in your GitHub repository. ### Workflow Syntax Required on, jobs, steps, uses and run are the building blocks of a GitHub Actions workflow. - [GitHub Actions Docs](https://docs.github.com/en/actions) ### Reusable Workflows & Composite Actions Recommended DRY your pipelines by sharing logic across repositories. ### Secrets & Environments Required Manage sensitive values, approval gates, and environment-specific variables. 09 9 ## GitLab CI/CD 3 topics·1 required·1 recommended·1 optional Use GitLab's built-in CI/CD system for pipelines that live next to the code. ### .gitlab-ci.yml Basics Required Stages, jobs, scripts, image, and before\_script in GitLab CI. - [GitLab CI/CD Docs](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/) ### GitLab Runners Recommended Register and configure shared and self-hosted runners for job execution. ### Environments & Deployments Optional Track deployments per environment and use dynamic child pipelines. 10 10 ## Cloud Computing Fundamentals 3 topics·3 required Understand the core concepts shared across all major cloud providers. ### Cloud Service Models Required IaaS vs PaaS vs SaaS, and where you manage what in each. - [AWS: What is Cloud Computing?](https://aws.amazon.com/what-is-cloud-computing/) ### Regions, Availability Zones & Edge Required How cloud providers distribute infrastructure globally for availability. ### Shared Responsibility Model Required What the cloud provider secures vs what you are responsible for. 11 11 ## AWS Core Services 5 topics·4 required·1 recommended Get hands-on with the foundational AWS services used in most production environments. ### IAM Identity & Access Management Required Users, groups, roles, policies, and the principle of least privilege. - [AWS IAM Docs](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/introduction.html) ### EC2 & Auto Scaling Required Launch instances, configure AMIs, security groups, and Auto Scaling Groups. ### S3 Simple Storage Service Required Buckets, objects, versioning, lifecycle policies, and static website hosting. ### VPC Virtual Private Cloud Required Subnets, route tables, internet gateways, NAT gateways, and VPC peering. ### RDS & Databases Recommended Managed relational databases, Multi-AZ deployments, and read replicas. 12 12 ## Infrastructure as Code Terraform 4 topics·2 required·2 recommended Provision and manage cloud infrastructure declaratively using Terraform. ### Terraform Core Concepts Required Providers, resources, data sources, variables, and outputs. - [Terraform Getting Started](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/aws-get-started) ### State Management Required Local vs remote state, terraform.tfstate, state locking with S3 + DynamoDB. ### Modules Recommended Write reusable, composable Terraform modules and use the public registry. ### Workspaces & Environments Recommended Manage dev/staging/prod environments using workspaces or directory isolation. 13 13 ## Configuration Management 3 topics·2 required·1 recommended Automate server configuration and application deployment at scale. ### Ansible Fundamentals Required Inventories, playbooks, tasks, handlers, roles, and ad-hoc commands. - [Ansible Docs](https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/getting_started/index.html) ### Ansible Roles & Galaxy Recommended Structure playbooks with roles and reuse community roles from Ansible Galaxy. ### Idempotency Required Understand why idempotent tasks are critical for reliable automation. 14 14 ## Kubernetes Core Concepts 4 topics·4 required Orchestrate containerized workloads at scale with Kubernetes. ### Cluster Architecture Required Control plane (API server, etcd, scheduler, controller-manager) and worker nodes (kubelet, kube-proxy). - [Kubernetes Official Docs](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/) ### Pods, Deployments & ReplicaSets Required The smallest deployable unit, declarative rollouts, and replica management. ### Services & Networking Required ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer service types, and DNS within the cluster. ### ConfigMaps & Secrets Required Decouple configuration from container images and manage sensitive data. 15 15 ## Kubernetes Workloads & Storage 4 topics·1 required·3 recommended Go beyond basic Deployments to run stateful apps, batch jobs, and persistent storage. ### StatefulSets & DaemonSets Recommended Run stateful applications with stable network identities and per-node daemons. - [K8s: StatefulSets](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/) ### Persistent Volumes & Claims Recommended PV, PVC, StorageClasses, and dynamic provisioning for stateful data. ### Jobs & CronJobs Recommended Run batch tasks and scheduled workloads inside a cluster. ### Resource Requests & Limits Required Set CPU and memory requests/limits for fair scheduling and stability. 16 16 ## Kubernetes Advanced Operations 4 topics·2 required·2 recommended Operate and extend Kubernetes clusters at production scale. ### Ingress & Ingress Controllers Required Expose HTTP/S routes with NGINX or Traefik ingress controllers and TLS termination. - [K8s: Ingress](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/) ### Horizontal & Vertical Pod Autoscaling Recommended HPA based on CPU/custom metrics and VPA for right-sizing resource requests. ### RBAC Required Role-Based Access Control with ClusterRoles, Roles, RoleBindings, and ServiceAccounts. ### Network Policies Recommended Restrict pod-to-pod communication using Kubernetes Network Policies. 17 17 ## Helm Kubernetes Package Manager 4 topics·2 required·1 recommended·1 optional Template and package Kubernetes manifests for repeatable, versioned deployments. ### Helm Chart Structure Required Chart.yaml, values.yaml, templates, helpers, and the \_helpers.tpl file. - [Helm Docs](https://helm.sh/docs/) ### Templating with Go Templates Required Use {{ .Values }}, conditionals, loops, and named templates in Helm. ### Chart Repositories & OCI Registries Recommended Host charts on GitHub Pages, Artifact Hub, or push to OCI-compatible registries. ### Helm Hooks & Tests Optional Run pre/post-install jobs and validate deployments with helm test. 18 18 ## GitOps 3 topics·1 required·1 recommended·1 optional Use Git as the single source of truth for declarative infrastructure and application state. ### GitOps Principles Required Declarative config, versioned history, automated reconciliation, and self-healing. - [OpenGitOps](https://opengitops.dev/) ### ArgoCD Recommended Deploy and sync Kubernetes manifests automatically from a Git repository with ArgoCD. - [ArgoCD Docs](https://argo-cd.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) ### Flux CD Optional CNCF-graduated GitOps toolkit for continuous delivery to Kubernetes. 19 19 ## Observability Logging 3 topics·1 required·2 recommended Collect, aggregate, and search logs from applications and infrastructure. ### Structured Logging Required JSON log formats, log levels, correlation IDs, and log context best practices. ### ELK / EFK Stack Recommended Collect with Fluentd/Filebeat, store in Elasticsearch, visualize in Kibana. - [Elastic: Getting Started](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/getting-started.html) ### Loki & Grafana Recommended Lightweight log aggregation with Loki, queried via LogQL in Grafana. 20 20 ## Observability Metrics 4 topics·2 required·2 recommended Collect time-series metrics to understand system health and performance trends. ### Prometheus Required Scrape metrics with Prometheus, write PromQL queries, and configure alerting rules. - [Prometheus Docs](https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/) ### Grafana Dashboards Required Build dashboards, panels, and variables to visualize Prometheus metrics. ### Exporters Recommended node\_exporter, kube-state-metrics, blackbox\_exporter for infra and app metrics. ### Alertmanager Recommended Route, deduplicate, and silence alerts; integrate with PagerDuty, Slack, and email. 21 21 ## Observability Tracing 3 topics·1 required·2 recommended Track requests as they flow through distributed microservices. ### Distributed Tracing Concepts Required Traces, spans, context propagation, and the OpenTelemetry data model. - [OpenTelemetry Docs](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/) ### Jaeger & Tempo Recommended Deploy Jaeger or Grafana Tempo as a tracing backend and query trace data. ### Instrumenting Applications Recommended Add OpenTelemetry SDKs to Node.js, Python, and Go services. 22 22 ## Security DevSecOps 4 topics·4 required Shift security left and integrate it into every stage of the delivery pipeline. ### Static Application Security Testing (SAST) Required Scan source code for vulnerabilities using Semgrep, SonarQube, or Bandit. - [Semgrep](https://semgrep.dev/docs/) ### Dependency Scanning (SCA) Required Detect vulnerable third-party packages using Dependabot, Snyk, or OWASP Dependency-Check. ### Container Image Scanning Required Scan Docker images for CVEs with Trivy or Grype in your CI pipeline. ### Secrets Detection Required Prevent credentials from reaching Git with detect-secrets, GitGuardian, or gitleaks. 23 23 ## Security Cloud & Kubernetes Hardening 4 topics·1 required·3 recommended Apply security best practices to cloud workloads and Kubernetes clusters. ### CIS Benchmarks Recommended Apply CIS benchmarks for Linux, Docker, and Kubernetes to harden configurations. - [CIS Benchmarks](https://www.cisecurity.org/cis-benchmarks) ### Pod Security Standards Required Enforce privileged, baseline, and restricted pod policies using PSA/PSP. ### OPA / Kyverno Recommended Define and enforce admission policies in Kubernetes with Open Policy Agent or Kyverno. ### Secrets Management Recommended Store and inject secrets using HashiCorp Vault or AWS Secrets Manager. 24 24 ## Service Mesh 3 topics·1 recommended·2 optional Manage service-to-service communication, security, and observability with a mesh layer. ### Service Mesh Concepts Recommended Sidecar proxy pattern, control plane vs data plane, and mTLS between services. - [Istio Docs](https://istio.io/latest/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/) ### Istio Optional Traffic management, circuit breaking, retries, and observability with Istio. ### Linkerd Optional Lightweight CNCF service mesh focused on simplicity and low resource overhead. 25 25 ## Infrastructure Testing 3 topics·3 recommended Validate your infrastructure code with automated tests before it reaches production. ### Terraform Testing Recommended Use Terratest or terraform test to write unit and integration tests for modules. - [Terratest Docs](https://terratest.gruntwork.io/docs/) ### Kitchen-Terraform / Checkov Recommended Policy-as-code compliance scanning for Terraform with Checkov or tfsec. ### Kubernetes Manifest Testing Recommended Lint and validate manifests with kubeval, kubeconform, and Polaris. 26 26 ## Cost Optimization 4 topics·1 required·2 recommended·1 optional Understand and reduce cloud spending without sacrificing reliability or performance. ### Cloud Cost Visibility Required AWS Cost Explorer, tagging strategies, and budget alerts. - [AWS Cost Explorer](https://aws.amazon.com/aws-cost-management/aws-cost-explorer/) ### Right-sizing & Reserved Instances Recommended Match instance types to workload needs and use Savings Plans or Reserved Instances. ### Spot Instances & Preemptible VMs Recommended Run fault-tolerant workloads on Spot/Preemptible instances for up to 90% savings. ### FinOps Practices Optional Cross-team cost accountability, showback/chargeback models, and FinOps Foundation principles. 27 27 ## Disaster Recovery & Backup 3 topics·2 required·1 recommended Design systems to survive failures and recover from data loss or outages. ### RTO & RPO Required Define Recovery Time Objective and Recovery Point Objective for each service. ### Backup Strategies Required Automated backups for databases, volumes, and object storage with retention policies. - [AWS Backup Docs](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/aws-backup/latest/devguide/whatisbackup.html) ### Multi-Region & Cross-Zone Architecture Recommended Design for availability zone and region failure using active-active or active-passive patterns. 28 28 ## Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) 4 topics·2 required·1 recommended·1 optional Apply SRE principles to balance reliability with the speed of software delivery. ### SLIs, SLOs & SLAs Required Define measurable reliability targets and track them with error budgets. - [Google SRE Book](https://sre.google/sre-book/table-of-contents/) ### Error Budgets Recommended Use error budgets to make data-driven decisions about feature releases vs reliability work. ### Incident Management Required Runbooks, on-call rotations, post-mortems, and blameless culture. ### Chaos Engineering Optional Proactively test system resilience with tools like Chaos Monkey, LitmusChaos, or AWS FIS. 29 29 ## Platform Engineering 3 topics·1 recommended·2 optional Build Internal Developer Platforms (IDPs) that improve developer experience and productivity. ### Internal Developer Platforms Recommended Concepts behind IDPs: golden paths, self-service infrastructure, and platform teams. - [platformengineering.org](https://platformengineering.org/blog/what-is-platform-engineering) ### Backstage Optional Deploy Spotify Backstage as a developer portal with a software catalog and TechDocs. ### Crossplane Optional Provision cloud resources from Kubernetes using Crossplane Compositions and XRDs. 30 30 ## Advanced Kubernetes Patterns 4 topics·2 recommended·2 optional Extend and customize Kubernetes with operators, webhooks, and advanced scheduling. ### Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs) Recommended Extend the Kubernetes API with your own resource types. - [K8s: CRDs](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/) ### Operators Optional Encode operational knowledge as Kubernetes controllers using Operator SDK or Kubebuilder. ### Admission Webhooks Optional Mutating and validating admission webhooks for policy enforcement and injection. ### Advanced Scheduling Recommended Node affinity, taints/tolerations, topology spread constraints, and priority classes. 31 31 ## Multi-Cloud & Hybrid Cloud 3 topics·2 recommended·1 optional Design and operate workloads that span multiple cloud providers or on-premises environments. ### Multi-Cloud Strategy Recommended Evaluate use cases for multi-cloud vs single-cloud: portability, vendor lock-in, and compliance. ### Terraform Multi-Provider Recommended Manage AWS, GCP, and Azure resources within a single Terraform configuration. - [Terraform Providers](https://registry.terraform.io/browse/providers) ### Federated Kubernetes Optional Manage workloads across multiple clusters with Cluster API or Google Anthos. 32 32 ## AI & MLOps Foundations 3 topics·3 optional Understand how DevOps principles extend into the machine learning lifecycle. ### MLOps Concepts Optional CI/CD for ML models, experiment tracking, model registries, and feature stores. - [MLflow Docs](https://mlflow.org/docs/latest/index.html) ### Kubeflow Pipelines Optional Orchestrate ML workflows on Kubernetes using Kubeflow. ### GPU Workloads on Kubernetes Optional Configure NVIDIA device plugins and resource limits for GPU-accelerated pods. ### Reset Progress? This will clear all your checked topics in this roadmap. This action cannot be undone. ## Comments Was this useful? ## You might also enjoy More posts on similar topics [![Release Engineer Beginner to Expert](/_astro/hero.BQKRuG1k_Z1pbg3o.webp)](/roadmaps/post/release-engineer-roadmap) ## [Release Engineer Beginner to Expert](/roadmaps/post/release-engineer-roadmap) - [Mohammad Abu Mattar](/authors/mohammad-abu-mattar) - [Devops](/roadmaps/categories/devops) - [Cloud](/roadmaps/categories/cloud) - [Release engineering](/roadmaps/categories/release-engineering) This roadmap takes you from release engineering principles and version control mastery through to advanced GitOps patterns and multi-account AWS delivery at scale. Each stage builds on the last. 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